TAPE 101: ADHESIVE TAPE COMPLETE GUIDE
Adhesive tape, also known as pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, or PSA tape, goes by many names, including sticky tape, cello tape, and self-stick tape. It adheres without the need for heat or water, and the glue has varying degrees of tackiness. Adhesive tape can be used at lower temperatures than brazing, welding, and soldering, and it does not require pre-drilled, pre-tapped, or welded-on studs on the components, which is a requirement for mechanical fastening.
In adhesive tapes, the adhesive is pre-applied to a uniform backing material that allows the tape to be handled with web processing equipment, making production operation and automation easier than processes using a liquid adhesive, which must be sprayed, rolled, or otherwise dispensed onto the parts before bonding.
How Is Adhesive Tape Made?
Step 1: The backing material is fed through a coating machine where coating rollers apply an adhesive to it. One of the most important steps in this process is making sure the adhesive is precisely the right thickness and uniformity because this will affect the final product’s quality.
Step 2: The backing material is placed in an oven where the drying time and temperature are adjusted based on the adhesive material.
Step 3: The dry tape is fed through a cutting machine to be cut into the desired length and width.
Step 4: The cut tape enters a winding machine where it is rolled into a cylindrical shape, completing the production of the tape ready for our use.
Step 5: The finished tape is packaged under transportation requirements.
Materials that Are Used For Backing
Paper:
Paper tape products have a paper backing and are also referred to as flat-back tape.
Plastic Film/Polymer:
There are two categories of plastics: thermoplastics and thermosets. Plastic films can be clear, colored, printed, or plain. They can be single-layered or multilayered and combined with materials like paper and/or aluminum.
PET/Polyester:
Products made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyester use a PET or polyester backing in the form of a film or laminate; this is also referred to as Mylar.
Polyimide:
Polyimide tape is made up of a silicone adhesive that is heat-resistant and a polyimide film. Polyimide films are useful substrates for the production of flexible circuit materials because they retain their excellent physical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties over a wide range of environments.
PVC/Vinyl:
Products made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and vinyl use a vinyl or PVC backing to resist abrasion, weathering, and wear.
Rubber:
Rubber backing can be utilized to create a self-fusing, conformable rubber electrical insulating and sealing tape.
Silicone:
Silicone is an excellent material for gaskets, insulators, press pads, and die-cut components. It is available in multiple grades to meet different needs.
Acrylic Films:
Acrylic films are thermoplastic resin or plastic films made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polymethyl-2-methylpropanoate. They are UV stable and have excellent clarity.
Glass/Fiberglass:
Fiberglass composite material or a glass layer resists burning, shrinking, and rotting, giving it exceptional stability in harsh environments.
Fluoropolymer/PTFE/PVDF:
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an insoluble compound with a low coefficient of friction and a high degree of chemical resistance. Fluoropolymer films, layers, or coatings are made of plastics like PVDF or PTFE. Fluoropolymer is frequently used in applications that call for excellent dielectric qualities, superior chemical resistance, and water and stain-repellent qualities. It is also used in applications where the material handled must not stick to the belt, fabric, or laminate.
Adhesive Tape Types
Sticky Tape:
Depending on the country and application, sticky tape goes by many different names. It is also sometimes referred to as cello tape. The two most common widths are 12mm and 18mm, which are both easily inserted into a sticky tape dispenser.
Packaging tape:
Packing tape, also known as parcel tape, box sealing tape, adhesive-coated polypropylene, BOPP, or polyester film, is a pressure-sensitive tape that is typically produced in 48mm wide rolls. Its extra width makes taping up cartons easy and quick, and it is typically applied with a hand-operated tape gun dispenser.
Filament tape:
Strong enough to be utilized largely in production line packing and machines, it is produced from polyester or polypropylene film with embedded fiberglass filaments along the length of the tape. It works well for heavy cartons.
Double-Sided Tape:
Double-sided tape is widely used in crafts and other manual work because it includes adhesive on both sides, making it an effective tool for bonding two surfaces together.
Double-Sided Foam Tape:
Double-sided foam tape is widely used in furniture and automobile manufacture because it has great adhesive, especially on rough surfaces, and its foam substance effectively absorbs vibrations.
Duct Tape:
Gorilla tape is another name for duct tape. It is typically 48 mm wide, has a very strong rubber or plastic adhesive, and is nearly impossible to tear on the horizontal. It comes in a variety of colors, but for industrial use, the most popular colors are black and grey.
Electrical Tape:
Electrical Tape (Vinyl tape), which is commonly used to insulate electrical wire, is a soft tape that comes in a variety of colors and is simple to pull and stretch, making it suitable for manual cutting.
Masking tape:
Generally available in a range of widths from 30mm to 48mm, masking tape is a pressure-sensitive tape that is primarily used to mask areas in preparation for painting. It peels off easily and leaves no residue. It is composed of a crepe paper backing and easily released pressure-sensitive adhesive. Its key feature is that it is easy to tear by hand and write on.
Floor marking tape:
Often utilized as an alternative to paint-based line markings, these durable, heavy-duty tapes are used for floor line marking in warehouses and other industrial settings.
Security tape:
When consumer items are packaged, security tapes are used to help identify whether the goods have been opened, giving both the vendor and the customer more security.
Paper Tape:
Paper tape is widely used in crafts, artwork, and as label paper, because it is easy to draw and write on its backing and, unlike other tapes, can be easily shredded by hand without the need for scissors.
Drywall Tape:
Drywall tape is frequently used in construction and home improvement projects, usually in conjunction with joint compounds to connect and fix joints between gypsum boards.
Storing Considerations
UV radiation:
This electromagnetic radiation is also present in X-rays and infrared lights, and although it is nearly invisible to the unaided eye, it has a minimal effect on the use of adhesive tape. Different exposure times and degrees of UV radiation can cause variations in its properties, such as brittleness and roughness, which can eventually wear out the stickiness. One way to prevent this possibility is to treat it with UV stabilizers or use a carrier with that protection.
Temperature:
For sticky tape, heat can be both a friend and a foe. Low temperatures are ideal for preserving stickiness and strengthening it; most PSAs should be stored in a small space that is 60 degrees or hotter.
To comprehend the various qualities of the tape, the following testing variables need to be understood:
Peel adhesion: The amount of force needed to break the binding between the PSA and the surface material. This testing method involves peeling the tape at a specific angle and a uniform pressure and speed to determine the extent of bond breakdown, which is expressed in ounces per inch.
Tack: Tack, which is the adhesive feature of most tamper-evident tapes, is the ability of the tape to moisten the adhesive on the surface upon contact. To put it more technically, it measures bond formation as opposed to peel adhesion.
Shear: Shear can be calculated statically or dynamically. Static shear is the amount of movement that an adhesive tape takes when a static load is applied to a vertically pulled tape; dynamic shear, on the other hand, measures the horizontal stress of the tape.
Tensile strength and elongation: This last factor determines the tape’s strength about its structure, while elongation is determined by calculating the percentage change in the tape’s length when it is pulled with a specific force from both sides.
Conclusion
Adhesive tape is an all-purpose tool that easily and conveniently solves a wide range of fastening challenges. It comes in a wide variety of backings, each suitable for specific end-uses, which is exactly why adhesive tape use is on the rise in high-performance buildings and construction.
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